Two Battery
A 12v car battery has two cords that short circuit in a pool will it have enough power to hurt someone?
The battery will be connected to a 12v sub pump in a pool of water and say in theory the pump malfunctioned and short circuited. There are people swimming in the pool. Would they be in any immediate danger?
There are some hazards associated with extra low voltage in swimming pools with highly conductive water, as it usually is. The current flows between the two connections through the water, forming an electric field in a volume of water between the wires, and we can introduce a concept of volts per meter. Generally if you swim between the two wires the field is stronger, more volts per meter, and the hazard increases. With the mains and a grounded pool I would say the whole pool is dangerous. It seems to me that a swimmer would be unlucky/unlikely to be killed with 12V, though I think it is possible. The 12V battery has none of the normal hazard reduction items like an earth leakage circuit breaker. On the other hand if the battery connections are not connected to ground, current can only flow between the wires, not from one wire through the water to grounded items like reinforcing bars and ladders. There are many ways of providing protections, but when in doubt use the electrical code. Complying with a code I imagine gives some protection with litigation.
Using the electrical code should improve things, assuming the system (pool and battery) is grounded properly, with grounds bonding as per normal electrical codes. In other words, you should probably treat the 12V system as if it was the mains supply, providing the appropriate safety controls, especially bonding of the pool so the water is "grounded".and use of earth leakage or residual current circuit breakers (GFCI). It would be difficult to find a DC one, but I have seen mention of them. However the US NEC code (680.23) seems to be that swimming pool lamps under 15V don't need a GFCI. That has to be saying something about the risk, but the design of the lamp itself is a protection, and it is grounded, keeping that electric field more or less in the confines of the fitting in most cases.. I have to say that people have still been unpleasantly shocked by 12V pool lights.
If the pool and supply are not grounded a GFCI may not provide any protection. It relies on some imbalance on the go and return wires caused by current getting shunted to ground through the water from the active (non grounded) wire in the water. In practice the GFCI may not trip anyway - current could mostly flow between the wires if they are close together with very little imbalance - depending how the wires are positioned in the water. Another type of circuit breaker is more appropriate, one that measures the potential of the pool ground. All getting complicated though.
All in all, a vague situation. Other things that can be an electrical hazard are loudspeaker wires, and even a microphone connected to an amplifier is a hazard by biomedical standards. The link below is realistic in my opinion. They are really saying that appliances are a risk, even just the grounded body of them, when plugged in. Some of the risk comes from faulty appliences, and even the small voltages on ground systems. Apparently it is talking of whole immersion baptism pools.
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